An experimental study of physical intelligence teaching on sensory integration function of 4-5-year-old children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the impact of physical intelligence teaching on the function of children s sensory integration, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of sensory integration system.@*Methods@#From February to May 2023, the intervention was implemented for 12 weeks among 136 children aged 4-5 (68 in the intervention group and 68 in the control group). The intervention group received situational and game based physical intelligence teaching, the control group received sports game teaching according to the original curriculum objectives of the kindergarten. Intervention was administered 3 times a week for 40 minutes each time. The sensory integration ability of the intervention group and the control group were evaluated before and after the intervention with Chi square test and t test.@*Results@#The vestibular sensation, proprioception and tactile sensation of between boys and girls in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with before intervention (boys：44.14±11.52 vs. 53.34± 9.49 ，44.57±12.76 vs. 50.54±11.86，49.31±12.18 vs. 55.00±10.24,girls：46.00±11.01 vs. 54.58±10.06，48.79±13.17 vs. 53.64±11.97，52.67±11.67 vs. 56.91±10.42, t =-3.24，-2.49，-2.09，-5.24，-12.94，-2.56， P <0.05). There was no significant difference in vestibular sensation between boys and girls in the control group (boys：45.91±11.66 vs. 46.31± 11.20，girls：48.27±13.56 vs. 48.45 ±13.54, t =-0.87，-0.07， P >0.05), but there was a significant improvement in proprioception and tactile sensation in both boys and girls (boys：46.63±11.76 vs. 48.06±11.69，51.63±11.98 vs. 52.40±12.18，girls：50.45±12.16 vs. 51.67± 12.03 ，53.36±12.48 vs. 54.39±12.57， t =-3.36，-2.08，-4.66，-2.86， P <0.05). After the intervention, compared with the control group, the vestibular sensation of both boys and girls significantly improved ( t=2.83, 2.08, P <0.05), with exception of proprioception and tactile sensation ( t =0.88,0.67,0.97,0.88, P >0.05). In the experimental group, the number of normal boys increased from 12 to 24, while the number of dysfunctional boys decreased from 23 to 11, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=11.53, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in sensory integration in boys of the control group before and after the experiment ( χ 2= 1.10 , P >0.05). After intervention,the number of normal girls in the experimental group increased from 15 to 27, while the number of dysfunctional girls decreased from 18 to 6, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=10.39, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant difference in sensory integration in girls from the control group before and after the experiment ( χ 2=2.08, P > 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Physical intelligence teaching can effectively improve children s sensory integration ability, especially for vestibular function.

Type III secretory protein SINC of Chlamydia psittaci promotes host cell autophagy by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of SINC, a secreted protein of Chlamydia psittaci, on autophagy of host cells and the role of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in mediating SINC-induced autophagy.@*METHODS@#RAW 264.7 cells treated with recombinant SINC were examined for changes in expression levels of LC3-II, Beclin-1, phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 using Western blotting. The expression level of LC3 in the treated cells was detected using immunofluorescence analysis, and the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of pretreatment with U0126 (a specific ERK inhibitor) on the expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to different concentrations of SINC was examined using Western blotting, and LC3 puncta in the cells was detected with immunofluorescence analysis.@*RESULTS@#The expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1 were the highest in RAW 264.7 cells treated with 2 μg/mL SINC for 12h. Immunofluorescence analysis showed exposure to SINC significantly increased the number of cells containing LC3 puncta, where the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was detected. Exposure to 2 μg/mL SINC for 15 min resulted in the most significant increase of the ratios of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 in RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with U0126 prior to SINC exposure significantly decreased the ratio of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, lowered the expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and decreased LC3 aggregation in the cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SINC exposure can induce autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Advances in circadian rhythms in oral maxillofacial tissues and oral-related diseases / 中华口腔医学杂志

Circadian rhythm is an internal autonomous timing mechanism formed by the body in response to changes of external environment. It participates in the regulations of various physiological activities, affecting the formation and outcome of various diseases in the human body. This paper summarizes the changes of local tissue rhythms in common disease states, such as oral and maxillofacial malformations, inflammation and malignant tumors. The importance of circadian clock system to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues are dialectically analyzed, mainly on the mechanisms of action in maintaining oral health and in affecting the processes of common oral diseases and oral-related systemic diseases. At the same time, chronological therapy and new strategies of prevention and treatment for oral-related diseases based on the changes in tissue rhythm are summarized and prospected to provide new ideas for maintaining oral and systemic health.

Consensus of experts on the medical risk prevention for the patients with cardiovascular diseases during dental treatment (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

With the aging process of population in the society, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China is increasing continuously and the number of dental patients with CVD is increasing gradually too. Due to the lack of guidelines for dental patients with CVD in our country, how to implement standardized preoperative evaluation and perioperative risk prevention remains a problem to be solved for dentists at present. The present expert consensus was reached by combining the clinical experiences of the expert group of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association and respiratory and cardiology experts in diagnosis and treatment for CVD patients, and by systematically summarizing the relevant international guidelines and literature regarding the relationship between CVD and oral diseases and the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients with heart failure, hypertension and antithrombotic therapy. The consensus aims to provide, for the dental clinicians, the criteria on diagnosis and treatment of CVD in dental patients in China so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the treatment levels of dental patients with CVD in China.

Consensus of experts on the oral health management and medical risk prevention for the patients with chronic airway diseases (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

Today, there is greater awareness on the association between oral diseases and respiration diseases after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, confusion regarding the oral health management and medical risk prevention for patients with chronic airway diseases has been remained among dental clinicians. Therefore, the dental experts of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, combined with the experts of respiratory and critical care medicine, undertook the formation of consensus on the oral health management of patients with chronic airway diseases in order to help dental clinicians to evaluate medical risks and make better treatment decision in clinical practice. In the present consensus report, the relationship of oral diseases and chronic airway diseases, the oral health management and the treatment recommendations of patients with chronic airway diseases are provided.

Analysis on the expression profile of circRNAs in hypertrophic myocardium mice / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the differential expression of circRNAs and their potential impact on the pathophysiological process in cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Six SPF C57BL/6J male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks, were randomly divided into transverse aortic constriction (TAC) group (n=3) or sham operation(sham) group (n=3) according to random number table method. TAC mouse model was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Four weeks after surgery, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed to detect differentially expressed circRNA in left myocardial tissues of mice between TAC group and sham group, and principal component analysis of circRNA was performed by R language software. Enrichment analysis was performed by GO and KEGG databases to predict the basic functions of differentially expressed circRNA-derived genes and their biological pathways. The differentially expressed circRNAs in the sequencing results were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytoscape software was used to construct circRNA-microRNA (miRNA) network maps to predict their interactions by combining differentially expressed circRNA and TargetScan predicted miRNA sites. Results: Principal component analysis was performed on 4 580 circRNAs detected from 6 samples of mice in TAC group and sham group. The results of R language software indicated that the variance contribution rate of the first 3 principal components, namely the first, second and third principal components, was 91.01%, 3.19% and 2.01%, respectively, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 3 components was 96.21%. Among the differentially expressed circRNAs, 6 (19%) were up-regulated and 25 (81%) were down-regulated in the TAC group. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed circRNA was closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy, and KEGG pathway analysis suggested that downregulated circRNA expression was involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Fifteen out of the 31 differentially expressed circRNAs were selected for real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification, and the results showed that 8 circRNAs were consistent with sequencing results. circRNA-miRNA co-expression network analysis results showed that chr11:65218529-65233184-interacts with mmu-miRNA-30e-3p and mmu-miRNA-30a-3p. Conclusions The differential expression of circRNA in hypertrophic myocardium mice is evidenced in TAC mouse model. circRNA may interact with the corresponding miRNA to influence the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy through autophagy-related cellular hypertrophy pathway or apoptosis-related pathological phenotypes.

Therapeutic effect analysis of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treatment by transmission straight wire technique / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and advantages of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treatment by transmission straight wire technique.@*METHODS@#Ninety-seven patients who received treatment for skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion at the Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to January 2017 were selected for this retrospective study. All these patients refused surgery. They were divided into two groups in accordance with the type of skeletal malocclusion: mild-to-moderate skeletal malocclusion group (-4°≤ANB <0°) and severe skeletal malocclusion group (-8°≤ANB<-4°). Each of the two groups was divided further into two small groups in accordance with the technique used: T group (transmission straight wire technique) and M group (MBT technique).@*RESULTS@#The crossbite of all 59 patients in the mild-to-moderate skeletal malocclusion group was successfully treated. The molars were classified as classⅠrelationship, and the facial profile improved. Significant differences were found in the values of U1/SN angle, L1/MP angle, and Lip-Diff between the T and M groups before and after the treatment (P<0.05). The extent of incisor root resorption was lighter in the T group than in the M group (P<0.05). In the severe skeletal malocclusion group, the crossbite of all 38 patients was cured or partially cured. Fourteen patients showed severe lower anterior teeth inclination (five in the T group and nine in the M group), and the profiles did not significantly improve. Significant differences were observed in the values of U1-NA value, U1/SN angle, L1-NB value, L1/MP angle, LLP, and Lip-Diff between the T and M groups before and after the treatment (P<0.05). The extent of incisor root resorption was lighter in the T group than in the M group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Relative to the MBT technique, the transmission straight wire technique has great advantages in improving facial profile, reducing the compensatory inclination of the upper and lower anterior teeth, and reducing the risk of root resorption in the treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.

Functions of non-coding RNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament-derived cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

Human periodontal ligament-derived cells serve as an important source of seeding cells in periodontal regenerative medicine, and their osteogenic potential is closely related to alveolar bone repair and periodontal regeneration. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, play important roles in the regu-lation of osteogenic genes in human periodontal ligament-derived cells. In this review, we summarize the target genes, path-ways, and functions of the ncRNA network during osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament-derived cells.

Research progress on health effects of aniline / 中华预防医学杂志

Aniline is one of the important chemical raw materials in daily life and the chemical industry. Aniline exposure might occur through intact skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. It could pose negative impacts on many organs and systems of the human body, including toxicity or carcinogenicity to blood, liver, and spleen. This paper summarized the direct effects of aniline on human health and the indirect hazards of aniline on human health through environmental pollution and discussed the future research directions of aniline-induced health hazards.

Clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign body in children:A report of 228 cases / 中国实用儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign body in children and analyze the risk factors for granuloma formation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 228 children diagnosed withtracheobronchial foreignbody was carried out,who were treated between January 2011 and December 2017,and the binary Logistic regression on risk factors of secondary airway intimal granulation after tracheobronchial foreign body was done.RESULTS: The high incidence age of tracheobronchial foreign body in children was 1～3 years old(76.3%),and the ratio of male to female was 2.3∶1. The plant foreign bodies were the main proportion(82.9%),and the foreign bodies in left lung(52.6%)was slightly higher than in the right lung(39.5%). Endotracheal granulation(74.4%),pneumonia(76.3%)and emphysema(51.3%)were the most common complications of tracheobronchial foreign body. The type and the remaining time of foreign body were the independent risk factor for the formation of endotracheal granulation(P<0.01). The longer the disease duration,the greater the risk of granulation formation(P<0.01). The ROC curve showed that the remaining time of foreign bodies could be used as a reliable indicator of endotracheal granulation,critical values of the independent correlation factor was the course of disease more than 7.5 d. All the foreign bodies in 228 cases(100%)were successfully removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia,226 cases of 1-time take-out(success rate 99.1%),and no obvious complications occurred during and after surgery. CONCLUSION: Children aged from 1 to 3 years old are the high incidence of respiratory foreign body,and plants are more common. Plant foreign body residue is prone to endotracheal granulation,and the longer thecourse,the higher risk the granulation. Avoiding feeding infants nuts,early identification and correct diagnosis,and choosing the suitable operation method is the key to preventing and treating foreign body inhalation.

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hefei City from 2011 to 2016 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hefei City from 2011 to 2016, in order to provide a basis for effective prevention of mumps. Methods The data of mumps in Hefei City from 2011 to 2016 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results There were a total of 9 678 cases of mumps in Hefei City from 2011 to 2016. The average annual incidence was 22.7/100 000, with the highest in 2013 being 40.56/100 000. Mumps had obvious seasonality with high incidence in spring. Mumps cases increased in winter but the peak was not distinct. The group with the largest number of cases was mainly students, accounting for 64.5% of the total number of cases, followed by childcare and residentially-scattered children. The average annual morbidity of nine counties existed differences( 2=256.845，P<0.001). Conclusions There was a high incidence of mumps in Hefei City from 2011 to 2016. More effective measures should be taken to prevent the incidence of mumps and reduce the spread of mumps virus.

SWOT analysis of medical institution and ethical issues of medical consortium in view of human resource management / 医学研究生学报

From the view of human resource management, SWOT method was applied in the article to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of three-tier hospitals and grassroots medical institutions in medical consortium and discuss the unfair resource allocation, unbalanced responsibility and interest, uneven division of labor and lack of ethical education in managers. The article put forward countermeasures and suggestions guided by management ethics including establishing diversified resource sharing channels and long-term technical support mechanism, overall coordination of interests and responsibility, establishing a fair and reasonable personnel flow mechanism, and building efficient information service cloud and strengthening management ethics education and propaganda in order to realize complementary advantages, resource sharing and mutual benefit among all levels of medical institutions in medical consortium. In this way, we can promote the development of medical consortium to be more standardized, orderly and fair regular, create harmonious and win-win medical environment with mutual trust, and provide excellent service to people.

Effect of liver X receptor activation on hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation and cognitive function in global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of liver X receptor (LXR) activation on the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells in global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice,and its mechanisms.Methods A total of 75 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups,namely the sham operation group,the cerebral I/R group and the cerebral I/R with TO901317 treatment (I/R + TO90) group.The I/R mouse model was induced via the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.Immunohistochemistry was executed to detect hippocampus DCX + cells.Immunofluorescence of BrdU was implemented to detect the proliferation neural stem cell.Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory in mice.Western blot was used to detect the expression of hippocampus LXRα,LXRβ,ABCA1,p-ERK1/2,t-ERK1/2,p-CREB,t-CREB,BDNF.Results LXR activation improved cognitive recovery(P ＜0.01),and induced the proliferation of neural stem cells (P ＜ 0.01) in I/R mice.The expressions of hippocampal ABCA1,p-ERK1/2,p-CREB,BDNF in I/R + TO90 group mice also increased (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions LXR activation can induce the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells and facilitate cognitive recovery following global cerebral I/R in mice,which may be related to the activation of hippocampal ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF pathway and then promoting endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampus DG region of I/R mice.

Food safety incidents reported by streamline media in 2013 in China / 上海预防医学

Objective To provide reference to food safety supervision and management by analyzing the characteristics and trends of food safety incidents reported by media in 2013 in china.Methods Data were collected and collated from food safety incidents reported by printed media,major web portals,news websites and public opinion reports of the government during 2013.1.1 and 2013.12.31 with their occurrence characteristics and trends studied.Results Food safety incidents reported by media added up to 740 cases during 2013.1.1 and 2013.12.31 in China,of which the most reported was in Guangdong province,with 130accounting for 17.6% of the total,next followed by Shandong,Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces.The number of incidents reported by months did not show an obvious trend,yet incidents occurred more frequently in September and October.As for related food types,164 incidents (22.2% of the total) related to poultry meat and meat products;snacks were involved in 53 incidents,accounting for 7.2% of the total.Nearly 2/3 of the incidents resulted from problems of production and processing links,among which 13.9% were from the production of primary agricultural products,10.2% and 8% from sales &circulation,and catering consumption respectively.About 40% of the food safety issues reported by media were related to circulation.As for nature of the incidents,pathogenic micro organisms,pesticides or veterinary drug residues and excessive contents of heavy metals was 22%,followed by processing with non-food raw materials or adding non-food chemicals.31.8% of hazards or potential hazards in reported food safety incidents during 2013 were food additives and illegal additives.Conclusion Food safety incidents involving meat,meat products and snacks had a relatively higher occurrence.Food production,processing and circulation became high risk links in food safety issues.Pathogenic micro organisms,pesticides or veterinary drug residues,excessive contents of heavy metals and violation of food additives management were relatively serious problems.Chemical hazard was one of the major hazards in food safety issues.

Effect of 15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin JNanocapsules on Inflammation and Bone Regeneration in a Rat Bone Defect Model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the major metabolites from prostaglandin D2 in arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, has potential anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of 15d-PGJ2-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules (15d-PGJ2-NC) on inflammatory responses and bone regeneration in local bone defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was conducted on 96 Wistar rats from June 2014 to March 2016. Saline, unloaded nanoparticles, free 15d-PGJ2or 15d-PGJ2-NC, were delivered through a collagen vehicle inside surgically created transcortical defects in rat femurs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the surrounding soft tissue were analyzed by Western blot and in the defect by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction over 14 days. Simultaneously, bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the defect were examined. New bone formation and EphrinB2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in the cortical defect were observed by Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry over 28 days. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Least-significant difference and Dunnett's T3 methods were used with a bilateral P< 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Application of l5d-PGJ2-NC (100 μg/ml) in the local bone defect significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein, compared with saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). l5d-PGJ2-NC upregulated BMP-6 and PDGF-B mRNA (P < 0.05). New bone formation was observed in the cortical defect in l5d-PGJ2-NC-treated animals from 7th day onward (P < 0.001). Expression of EphrinB2 and OPG presented early on day 3 and persisted through day 28 in 15d-PGJ2-NC group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stable l5d-PGJ2-NC complexes were prepared that could attenuate IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression, while increasing new bone formation and growth factors related to bone regeneration.</p>

A preliminary study of retinoblastoma-related serum tumor markers / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen out retinoblastoma (RB)-related serum tumor markers by measuring the levels of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in children with RB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The levels of seven serum tumor markers (AFP, CEA, NSE, CA125, CA153, CA199, and CA724) were determined in 20 children with RB and 20 healthy children (control) using a chemiluminescent immunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum levels and positive rates of NSE, CA153, and CA199 in the RB group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the levels of AFP, CEA, CA125, and CA724 between the two groups (P>0.05). NSE had the highest sensitivity, but a relatively low specificity for the diagnosis of RB. CA153 and CA199 had a relatively high specificity, but a relatively low sensitivity for the diagnosis of RB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum levels and positive rates of NSE, CA153, and CA199 are high in children with RB. Combined measurement of these three serum tumor markers may have an important diagnostic value for RB.</p>

Analysis of characteristics of abnormal eating behaviors and potential needs in patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate characteristics of abnormal eating behaviors in patients with Alzheimer's disease and explore the potential needs of the patients.Methods Based on the model of Need-driven Dementiacompromised Behavior (NDB),we used the list of eating behaviors in patients with Alzheimer's disease to observe and record the behaviors of 120 patients and extracted the characteristics of abnormal eating behaviors.Twelve caregivers were selected to participate in the individual in-depth interview using semi-structured interview method,and then 5 of them were involved in the focus group interview for richness and accuracy.Content analysis was used to analyze data.Results Abnormal eating behaviors were identified in 47.5％(57/120) of the patients with Alzheimer's disease.The most common abnormal eating behavior was verbal refusal to eat or stating "No more","Not hungry","I'm fu11"(64.9％),the second was spiting food out(63.2％),the simultaneous items were impatient behaviors prior to or during meal time(38.6％),being distracted from eating(38.6％),resisting help with meal(38.6％),refusal to open mouth (38.6％).Four potential needs were extracted,including desire for family,desire for companion,desire for eating dignity,and eagerness for a sense of inner security.Conclusion It is common for patients with Alzheimer's disease to show abnormal eating behaviors,which demonstrate their potential needs.Caregivers need to be trained to identify the abnormal behaviors of patients and reflected potential needs.Those needs should be met to improve patients' quality of care,and reduce burdens of caregivers.

Pharmacokinetics of α-asarone after intranasal and intravenous administration with PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles / 中国中药杂志

PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles were prepared by using organic solvent evaporation method, and their in vivo distribution and brain targeting after intranasal administration were studied as compared with intravenous administration. The results showed that brain targeting coefficient of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles after intranasal and intravenous administration was 1.65 and 1.16 respectively. The absolute bioavailability, brain-targeting efficiency and the percentage of nasal-brain delivery of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles were 74.2%, 142.24 and 29.83%, respectively after intranasal administration. The results of fluorescence labeling showed that the fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in the brain tissue was the highest after intranasal administration of PLA-α-asarone fluorescent nanoparticles, achieving the purpose of brain-targeted drug delivery. The fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in liver tissue after intravenous administration of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles was much higher than that after intranasal administration, indicating that intranasal administration of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles could decrease drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, the fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in lung tissue was weaker after intranasal administration, which solved the shortcomings of intranasal administration of α-asarone dry powder prepared by airflow pulverization method. In vivo studies indicated that PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles after intranasal administration had a stronger brain targeting as compared with intravenous administration.

A study on epidemiological characteristic of severe hand -foot -mouth disease in Fengtai District,Beijing / 预防医学

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of severe hand,foot,mouth disease (HFMD)in Fengtai District,and to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of severe hand,foot,mouth disease cases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of severe cases of HFMD in Fengtai District,2010 -2015.Results The reported number of severe cases of HFMD was highest in 2010.The cases decreased year by year,and the annual incidence peak was present during June -August.The most cases were young children aged 1 -5 years. EV71 was the major pathogen,but other intestinal virus presented a rising trend.Cases were mainly floating population and presented regional distribution of small commodity wholesale market.Clinical features were mainly fever,rash,accompanied by more nervous system symptoms.The clinical symptoms include fever and rash usually accompanied by symptoms of the nervous system.Conclusion Severe cases presented a decline trend,and the proportion of other intestinal virus pathogen was increasing.More attention should be paid to other enterovirus infection of hand,foot and mouth disease among children.

Longitudinal Changes in Liver Aminotransferases Predict Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Nonviral Hepatitis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study explored the correlation of longitudinal changes in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) based on a dynamic health examination cohort.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A Mets-free dynamic cohort involving 4541 participants who underwent at least three health examinations from 2006 to 2011 was included in the study. Mets was defined according to the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch definition that included hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze multivariate relative risk (RR) of repeated observations of ALT and AST in quartiles for Mets or its components according to gender.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all, 826 Mets cases were reported. Adjustment of relevant parameters indicated that time-varying changes in ALT and AST levels were positively associated with the incidence of Mets in a dose-response manner. Positive association between high ALT levels and fatty liver was much stronger than that between high AST levels and fatty liver, particularly in male participants. These associations were consistently observed in the following subgroups: participants with ALT and AST levels of <40 U/L, participants with of <25 kg/m2, and participants with non-fatty liver. Furthermore, participants with 2 Mets components at baseline showed lower multivariate adjusted RRs of ALT and AST for Mets than participants with 0-1 Mets component.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggested that elevated serum ALT and AST levels were early biomarkers of Mets or its components.</p>